1. The Bank of England and the slave trade – why apologies are not enough
While the Bank’s recent apology accepts that former directors and members profited from slavery, there is still an effort to maintain the innocence of the institution.
2. Beyond financial inclusion, we need racial economic justice
Aiming for financial inclusion is not enough, public and private financial institutions must put racial economic justice at the center of their efforts.
3. Modern-day colonialism: debt crisis in the Global South
As debt repayments from low-income countries are forecast to hit between $2 and $3 trillion next year, this looming debt crisis in the Global South constitutes a modern day form of colonialism.
4. Apartheid in the World Bank and the IMF
These institutions were designed with colonial principles in mind, and they remain largely colonial in character to this day, with a form of apartheid operating right at the heart of international economic governance.